Unit 64 Task 1: Motion Graphics and Compositing


Unit 64: Motion Graphics and Compositing
Safa Radwan

In this written report, I will be writing about the current uses of motion graphics and compositing video.


Uses
Motion graphics have many different uses, and are used for different types of mediums today. Some include;

DVD menus & interfaces
(DVD movie interface from Elephants Dream. Screenshot from https://orange.blender.org/wp-content/themes/orange/images/blog/ED_PiP.jpg )
The interface for the DVD needs to clearly and easily point the viewer to the options, including the play button, the most important. Most DVD menus have scenes from their movie in the background, or animate an entirely new scene all together for the menu screen.

Web banner
(Car advertisement for Amoco ultimate, by graphic designer, Steve Scott. Image used from https://iwritegood.com/BP-Web-Banners )

Web banners are normally used for advertisement. Some of these web banners change or play an animation when you roll your mouse over them, others can enlarge and display a huge animation.

Title/credit sequences

(Title for Spiderman Homecoming. Screenshot: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgqf90S7vmQ )

To start the movie, and get the viewers pumped, many high budget movies have a unique animation sequence to the original source. Examples of movies that do this, are Spiderman Homecoming (linked above), and the James Bond movies. These title sequences do not include most of the credits, only a few leading actors, directors, and other important names. They are mostly used, as previously mentioned, to engage the audience, and also foreshadow moments that will happen later.

Credit sequences are a little different. They are legally obligated to list the staff worked on the project, however, many movies still have animated characters, and other visual effects to encourage fans to stay during the credits. Some even have post-credits scenes, cut outs, and bloopers after the credits
(Credits of movie Flushed Away. Screenshot: http://cyberspaceandtime.com/7ZzmgEgDG6o.video+related )

Animated captions

Animated are rarely used in movies, and are normally seen in games shows, and video games, which are more interactive than the former mediums.
 

(Animated captions in the game New York Mysteries: Secrets of the Mafia. Image: https://www.giantbomb.com/new-york-mysteries-secrets-of-the-mafia/3030-50656/ )

These mediums are more interactive, and allow the viewer to have a better understanding on what is going on.


Idents & Stings
Although very similar, TV idents and stings are not the same.

A TV ident is used to let the viewer know what channel they are watching. Idents are normally longer than a sting, and are required by law to broadcast, so the viewer knows what channel they are watching (ident being short for identification).
Stings are used to advertise the channel, and grab the viewers’ attention.
Both are played during advertisement; however, Idents are normally just before or just after an episode/movie airs on TV.
(TV ident for Adult Swim, featuring characters from Rick & Morty. Screenshot: https://vimeo.com/205300496 )

They are normally eye-catching, abstract, and artistic. Sometimes they entice people to watch their channel, or show they were advertising.

Characteristics
Graphics, movement, and visual effects…
Like above, different types of motion graphics are used for different purposes. For example, a sting’s normally appealing, flashy, contain lots of movement, showing different scenes of the show they want to advertise, or a new animation for the string can sometimes be used all together. 
(Sting for Cartoon Network, featuring characters from Steven Universe. Screenshot: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZu_xNXVgjk )
Take note of the limited colour palette (pink & blue) and simple designs used above for the graphics. This is because it is a short animation used between adverts, and wouldn’t be worth putting too much time and resources into creating something with high quality animation and dazzling visual effects – it is made to fit its purpose.

This however, being the next instalment from a long line of popular James bond movies, has a high budget, so they can add many visual effect and editing to look extraordinary.

Technology considerations

Screen ratio & resolution
The accepted screen resolutions for motion graphics to appear in, is the 16:9 aspect ratio. These includes the widely-used resolutions; 1366x768 and 1920x1080 pixels (more commonly known as 780p and 1080p). This is because most monitors around the world run in this resolution/dimensions, so it is expected that most resolutions run on this.

Codrut Neagu. (November, 2018). What do the 720p, 1080p, 1440p, 2K, 4K and 8K resolutions mean? What are the aspect ratio & orientation? Available: https://www.digitalcitizen.life/what-screen-resolution-or-aspect-ratio-what-do-720p-1080i-1080p-mean. Last accessed 31st Jan 2019.

Video format
Common video format includes; AVI, MOV, MKV, MP4. However, for TV they use different formats, that are a lot higher in quality. These are; HD, SD, PAL, with HD being the highest quality, as stated above, normally run on 780p and 1080p.



Christine Smith. (September, 2013). What You Need to Know About the 5 Most Common Video File Formats. Available: https://www.motionelements.com/blog/articles/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-5-most-common-video-file-formats. Last accessed 31st Jan 2019.

Frame rate
This refers to the number of drawings/shots per second. Live action films and online videos are usually 30 frames per second, and animation & movies are 24 frames per second.
24 frames add an element of motion blur; however, it also loses a cinematic effect.

However, they do not always follow this standard - for example the Hobbit used 48fps, the reasoning behind this is to give the film a more realistic feeling. Audience did not react positively with this, however. Some viewers complained that scenes were ‘too realistic’. Like it or not, movies are becoming more equipped to show higher frame rates, and some theatres can show up to 120fps.

David Cardinal. (December, 2013). Why movies like The Hobbit are moving from 24 to 48 fps. Available: https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/128113-why-movies-are-moving-from-24-to-48-fps. Last accessed 31st Jan 2019.

Compression
Video compression is a software used to make your video file smaller. This is used to transfer and view video files. Doing this, you can also save your file as an easy to access viewing file, as not everybody can open .SWF or .TLV, however by compressing it into an MP4 or MOV, it makes viewing a lot more available.


Fawei Geng. (October, 2013). How to compress large video files without losing quality using Handbrake. Available: http://blogs.it.ox.ac.uk/adamweblearn/2013/10/how-to-compress-large-video-files-without-losing-quality-using-handbrake/. Last accessed 31st Jan 2019.



This concludes my report for motion graphics and compositing.

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